What is Up with IPv4 Exhaustion?

The IPv4 addresses that make up the World Wide Web are running out rapidly. To understand the problem, let’s have a look at what IPv4 exhaustion is and what has been causing the issue.

IPv4 Address Exhaustion

IP version 4, commonly known as IPv4, is the most widely deployed standard that provides 4.3 billion addresses with a subset of blocks comprising 16.8 million addresses each. The exhaustion of IPv4 addresses refers to the depletion of the pool of unallocated IPv4 addresses which has been anticipated since the 1980s.

With the exhaustion, the Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) has depleted its entire IPv4 pool back in February 2011. Besides this, Regional Internet Registries (RIR), which is responsible to allocate IP addresses to end users, is also depleting rapidly with only two out of five RIR left with some pools of unallocated IPv4 addresses.

The depletion, which is currently the greatest cause of concern in the networking industry, began in the 1980s, when the internet started to experience dramatic growth. Due to the large number of people with home networks, DSL modems, Wi-Fi routers, and gaming consoles, the demand for the IPv4 addresses took a sharp upward shift, which gave rise to the depletion of IPv4 pool, and resulting scarcity of the resource.

What is Being Done?

Considering the explosive rate of people connecting to the internet every year and the number of new devices being connected to the internet worldwide, the experts have come up with the NAT (Network Address Translation) technology that allows the ease of rerouting traffic in IP networks without renumbering every host. This technology has played a key role in conserving global address space allocations in the wake of IPv4 address exhaustion.

In addition to this, a newer version, Internet Protocol Version 6, commonly known as IPv6, has also been introduced. IPv6 offers a broader pool of addresses (approximately 340 trillion, trillion, trillion addresses). Also, the IPv6 is thought to be a more efficient network offering better security and interoperability for mobile networks.

Although IPv6 has been available since the 90s, not many companies or ISPs are using it. While many ISPs, MSOs (Multiple System Operators), government organizations, and corporations are devising plans for transition, the full integration of IPv6 is likely to take many, many years.

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The Benefits of IPV4

With technological advancements, the internet industry is undergoing vast operational changes. These radical changes are primarily attributable to the revolutionary developments in the Internet Protocol Version 4, also known as IPv4.

IPv4 is the fourth generation of the Internet Protocol (IP). It is amongst the core protocols of standard based internetworking methods in the internet that still directs most of the traffic over the net, despite the deployment of the successor protocol IPV6.

Here is a look at why IPv4 is still popular and considered a preferred choice in many parts of the world.

Security of Data

When you exchange data or communicate with users using an open network, it is crucial to encrypt information to ensure privacy and security of the data. With consistent improvements and developmental changes, IPv4 has developed the capability to offer reliable security with robust data encryption for IPv4 address packets. With security, the system makes sure that your data is safe and secure during transmission over the network.

Large Routing Tasks

IPv4 is an extensive network that currently features more than 85,000 functional routers to form the internet backbone. The comprehensive infrastructure offers both hierarchical and flat routing which allows multiple devices to connect easily. Also, it enables linkage of devices across a large network without NAT. This means that applications that do not need NAT can easily work through firewalls.

Flexibility

As addressing is aggregated more effectively in IPv4, routing is more flexible, scalable, and efficient in an IPv4 network. This allows for more specific data communication across the network. However, it is particularly helpful for organizations that send data across the network to many users at the same time.

Efficient Functionality

With a growing number of internet users and increasing use of internet usage, browsing and online data transfer has become slow. In order to address the issue, IPv4 offers quality service in addition to efficient data transfer. In most cases, these networks use Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) for simple, convenient, and efficient transmission of data.

Although IPv4 offers limited features and functionality, these addresses can be redefined and also allow data encryption for more efficient delivery of data.

As IPv4 is a robust technology with incomparable benefits, it is safe to say that it is there to stay for a longer period of time.

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